Introduction to Written Multiplication

Hello, Year 5! Today, we’re going to learn about written multiplication calculations. This is a way to multiply bigger numbers using a method called “long multiplication.” Let’s break it down step by step!

What is Written Multiplication?

Written multiplication is a method used to multiply numbers that are larger than one digit. Instead of counting on our fingers or using a calculator, we can write it down to find the answer.

Steps for Long Multiplication

  1. Write the numbers down: Write the larger number (the multiplicand) on top and the smaller number (the multiplier) below it, aligning them to the right.
  2. Multiply: Start with the last digit of the bottom number (multiplier). Multiply it by each digit of the top number (multiplicand) one by one, moving from right to left.
  3. Carry Over: If a multiplication gives you a number greater than 9, write down the last digit and carry over the first digit to the next multiplication.
  4. Write the Result: Write the result beneath the line.
  5. Repeat for Each Digit: Move to the next digit in the multiplier. Remember to add a zero for each new row you start.
  6. Add It All Up: Finally, add the rows together to get the final answer.

Example of Written Multiplication

Let’s look at an example:

Example: Multiply 23 by 4

    23 x   4 _____

Step 1: Multiply 4 by 3 (the last digit of 23):

  • (4 \times 3 = 12)
  • Write 2 down and carry over 1.
    23 x   4 _____    2  (write 2) + 1  (carry over)

Step 2: Multiply 4 by 2 (the first digit of 23) and add the carried over 1:

  • (4 \times 2 = 8)
  • Add the carried over 1: (8 + 1 = 9)
  • Write 9 down.
    23 x   4 _____    92

So, (23 \times 4 = 92).

Key Rules and Tips

  • Line Up the Numbers: Always line up the numbers to the right.
  • Carry Over Carefully: Don’t forget to carry over if your multiplication is greater than 9.
  • Start from the Right: Always start multiplying from the right-most digit of the bottom number.
  • Check Your Work: After you finish, it’s always a good idea to double-check your calculations.

Questions to Practice

Easy Level Questions

  1. What is (12 \times 3)?
  2. What is (15 \times 2)?
  3. What is (24 \times 1)?
  4. What is (30 \times 4)?
  5. What is (11 \times 5)?
  6. What is (22 \times 2)?
  7. What is (10 \times 6)?
  8. What is (14 \times 3)?
  9. What is (17 \times 2)?
  10. What is (9 \times 8)?
  11. What is (20 \times 5)?
  12. What is (6 \times 7)?
  13. What is (10 \times 2)?
  14. What is (25 \times 1)?
  15. What is (18 \times 2)?
  16. What is (4 \times 9)?
  17. What is (5 \times 5)?
  18. What is (2 \times 3)?
  19. What is (3 \times 6)?
  20. What is (8 \times 4)?

Medium Level Questions

  1. What is (23 \times 5)?
  2. What is (31 \times 4)?
  3. What is (45 \times 3)?
  4. What is (52 \times 6)?
  5. What is (27 \times 8)?
  6. What is (62 \times 7)?
  7. What is (36 \times 9)?
  8. What is (78 \times 2)?
  9. What is (49 \times 5)?
  10. What is (54 \times 3)?
  11. What is (84 \times 2)?
  12. What is (15 \times 12)?
  13. What is (23 \times 6)?
  14. What is (32 \times 4)?
  15. What is (11 \times 14)?
  16. What is (64 \times 5)?
  17. What is (21 \times 7)?
  18. What is (19 \times 8)?
  19. What is (33 \times 3)?
  20. What is (41 \times 2)?

Hard Level Questions

  1. What is (124 \times 3)?
  2. What is (256 \times 4)?
  3. What is (312 \times 5)?
  4. What is (478 \times 6)?
  5. What is (589 \times 7)?
  6. What is (645 \times 8)?
  7. What is (723 \times 9)?
  8. What is (842 \times 2)?
  9. What is (914 \times 3)?
  10. What is (105 \times 15)?
  11. What is (236 \times 12)?
  12. What is (378 \times 14)?
  13. What is (492 \times 11)?
  14. What is (569 \times 13)?
  15. What is (678 \times 16)?
  16. What is (789 \times 19)?
  17. What is (890 \times 10)?
  18. What is (912 \times 18)?
  19. What is (345 \times 25)?
  20. What is (678 \times 22)?

Answers

Easy Level Answers

  1. 36
  2. 30
  3. 24
  4. 120
  5. 55
  6. 44
  7. 60
  8. 42
  9. 34
  10. 72
  11. 100
  12. 42
  13. 20
  14. 25
  15. 36
  16. 36
  17. 25
  18. 6
  19. 18
  20. 32

Medium Level Answers

  1. 115
  2. 124
  3. 135
  4. 312
  5. 216
  6. 434
  7. 324
  8. 156
  9. 245
  10. 162
  11. 168
  12. 180
  13. 138
  14. 128
  15. 154
  16. 320
  17. 147
  18. 152
  19. 99
  20. 82

Hard Level Answers

  1. 372
  2. 1024
  3. 1560
  4. 2868
  5. 4123
  6. 5160
  7. 6507
  8. 1824
  9. 2742
  10. 1575
  11. 2832
  12. 5292
  13. 3832
  14. 7397
  15. 10848
  16. 14871
  17. 8900
  18. 16416
  19. 8625
  20. 14916

Great job, Year 5! Keep practising your written multiplication calculations, and soon you’ll be multiplying like a pro!