Introduction to Economic Sectors and Changes in the UK Economy

Let’s start by exploring the different sectors of the economy shown in Photos B-0. These photos likely represent various sectors like agriculture, manufacturing, and services. Each sector plays a different role in the economy and has changed over time.

Changes to the UK Economy from 1791 to 2011

From 1791 to 2011, the UK economy has undergone significant changes. In 1791, the economy was largely agricultural, with most people working on farms. By 2011, the economy had shifted to a service-based one, where most jobs were in finance, healthcare, and education, showing a move from primary and secondary industries to tertiary sectors.

Cartoon Analysis: Understanding Globalisation

Cartoons can help us understand complex topics like globalisation. Let’s look at Cartoon A and think about the questions surrounding it using a ‘layers of inference’ diagram.

a) Importance of Previous Learning

To answer the questions in the diagram, we need to connect what we learned in Unit 2 with this unit. This helps us see the bigger picture of how globalisation affects the economy and the environment.

b) Questions from the Cartoon

  1. What is the cartoon showing?
  2. How does the cartoonist represent globalisation?
  3. What factors determine where industries locate?
  4. How are the Earth’s spheres affected by globalisation?
  5. What are the cartoonist’s views on sustainability?
  6. How does the cartoon relate to what we’ve learned in previous units?
  7. What geographical questions do I want to explore further?

c) Identifying the Cartoon’s Message

i) Representation of Globalisation

The cartoonist may show globalisation by depicting interconnectedness between countries and industries. For example, images of shipping containers or multinational companies could illustrate how businesses operate globally.

ii) Factors Determining Industry Location

Key factors might include access to resources, labour costs, and market proximity. The cartoon might show these elements through visual metaphors like roads or maps.

iii) Impact on Earth’s Spheres

Globalisation affects the atmosphere (pollution), lithosphere (land use), hydrosphere (water usage), and biosphere (biodiversity). The cartoon might show these impacts through imagery of deforestation or climate change.

d) Views on Sustainability and Globalisation

The cartoonist may suggest that globalisation can harm sustainability. For example, if the ‘driver of the machine’ is pushing for growth without regard for the environment, it indicates a negative view.

e) Learning Beyond the Cartoon

Think about what you have learned in Units 2 and 3. Do these ideas support or contradict the cartoon’s message? For instance, the importance of sustainable practices in global trade might challenge the cartoon’s portrayal of unchecked growth.

f) Further Geographical Questions

Consider questions you want to investigate further, like:

  1. How does globalisation impact local economies?
  2. What are the effects of globalisation on climate change?
  3. Can globalisation be sustainable?

Creative Task: World Damage Cartoon

Look at the front cover image of your textbook and create your own version. Show a world that reflects the damage suggested in Cartoon A, perhaps through images of pollution, deforestation, or social inequality.

Questions for Review

Easy Level Questions (20)

  1. What sectors of the economy are represented in the photos?
  2. What year does the UK economy start from in this study?
  3. What type of jobs increased in the UK by 2011?
  4. How did most people work in 1791?
  5. What is globalisation?
  6. Why is it important to connect Units 2 and 3?
  7. What does the cartoon show?
  8. Can you name one factor that affects where industries locate?
  9. What does the Earth’s atmosphere represent?
  10. What might the driver of the machine in the cartoon want?
  11. What is an example of a service job?
  12. What does ‘sustainability’ mean?
  13. How does globalisation affect local cultures?
  14. What do you think the cartoonist feels about growth?
  15. What type of economic change happened in the UK?
  16. What does the lithosphere refer to?
  17. How can we represent globalisation visually?
  18. What is one thing you would like to investigate further?
  19. How does the water usage relate to globalisation?
  20. What is an example of a primary industry?

Medium Level Questions (20)

  1. What are the three main sectors of the economy?
  2. How has the role of agriculture changed in the UK?
  3. Why might a company choose to locate in a specific area?
  4. How is the cartoonist using imagery to convey their message?
  5. What might be the consequences of rapid globalisation?
  6. How can globalisation affect the environment?
  7. What role do governments play in globalisation?
  8. How can we measure the impact of globalisation?
  9. What does the hydrosphere include?
  10. How does the cartoon relate to current global issues?
  11. What evidence supports the idea of a service-based economy?
  12. What are some examples of sustainable practices?
  13. How does globalisation influence job markets?
  14. Why is it important to consider the Earth’s spheres in globalisation?
  15. What challenges does globalisation present to local economies?
  16. How can we visually represent sustainability?
  17. What is the significance of trade in globalisation?
  18. What are multinational corporations?
  19. How does the cartoon reflect on consumerism?
  20. How can individuals contribute to sustainability in a globalised world?

Hard Level Questions (20)

  1. Discuss the shifts in economic sectors in the UK from 1791 to 2011.
  2. How do technological advances influence globalisation?
  3. Analyze the cartoon’s perspective on the balance between growth and sustainability.
  4. What are the implications of globalisation on social inequality?
  5. How can geographical data inform our understanding of globalisation?
  6. Compare the environmental impacts of local and global industries.
  7. How does the concept of ‘global village’ relate to the cartoon?
  8. What role does cultural exchange play in globalisation?
  9. Evaluate the effectiveness of current sustainability efforts in global trade.
  10. How can we use data to support arguments about globalisation?
  11. Discuss the relationship between globalisation and climate change.
  12. What are the major criticisms of globalisation?
  13. How does globalisation affect human rights?
  14. In what ways can globalisation lead to cultural homogenisation?
  15. How can local communities resist negative impacts of globalisation?
  16. Examine the role of international organisations in globalisation.
  17. What ethical considerations arise from global trade?
  18. How do you think future changes in globalisation might look?
  19. Discuss the concept of ‘glocalisation’ in relation to globalisation.
  20. How can education contribute to a more sustainable global economy?

Answers to Questions

Easy Level Answers

  1. Various sectors such as agriculture, manufacturing, and services.
  2. The economy starts from the year 1791.
  3. Jobs in finance, healthcare, and education increased.
  4. Most people worked on farms.
  5. Globalisation is the process of countries becoming interconnected.
  6. It helps to understand the context and connections between units.
  7. The cartoon shows issues related to global trade and industry.
  8. One factor is access to resources.
  9. The atmosphere represents the air and pollution.
  10. The driver may want to increase production.
  11. An example is a teacher or nurse.
  12. Sustainability means meeting needs without harming future generations.
  13. It can lead to loss of unique traditions.
  14. The cartoonist may see growth as harmful to the environment.
  15. The economic change was a shift to service-based jobs.
  16. The lithosphere refers to the Earth’s land.
  17. Showing interconnected countries or trade routes.
  18. I would like to investigate how globalisation affects local cultures.
  19. Water usage relates to globalisation through industrial demands.
  20. An example is farming or fishing.

Medium Level Answers

  1. The three main sectors are primary, secondary, and tertiary.
  2. Agriculture’s role decreased as more jobs moved to services.
  3. A company might choose an area for lower costs or resources.
  4. The cartoonist uses symbols to show the effects of globalisation.
  5. Rapid globalisation can lead to environmental degradation.
  6. Globalisation can harm ecosystems and biodiversity.
  7. Governments can create policies that support or limit globalisation.
  8. We measure impact through economic data and environmental studies.
  9. The hydrosphere includes all water bodies on Earth.
  10. The cartoon raises awareness of pressing global issues.
  11. The evidence shows a rise in service jobs over time.
  12. Sustainable practices include recycling and renewable energy.
  13. Globalisation can create more job opportunities but also competition.
  14. Considering the spheres helps understand the full impact of actions.
  15. Local economies can struggle to compete with international companies.
  16. We can represent sustainability through infographics showing impacts.
  17. Trade is essential for countries to access goods and resources.
  18. Multinational corporations operate in multiple countries for profit.
  19. The cartoon reflects consumerism through overproduction imagery.
  20. Individuals can reduce waste and support local businesses.

Hard Level Answers

  1. Economic sectors shifted from agriculture to services over time.
  2. Technology enables faster communication and transportation, enhancing globalisation.
  3. The cartoon suggests growth can harm sustainability through visual metaphors.
  4. Globalisation can widen the gap between rich and poor.
  5. Geographical data helps illustrate global trends and impacts.
  6. Local industries may have lower environmental impacts than global ones.
  7. The ‘global village’ concept highlights interconnectedness of communities.
  8. Cultural exchange can enrich societies but may also dilute local cultures.
  9. Current efforts include international agreements and local initiatives.
  10. Data supports arguments by providing evidence of trends and impacts.
  11. Climate change is an effect of industrialisation and global trade.
  12. Criticisms include exploitation of workers and environmental damage.
  13. Globalisation can lead to abuses in low-regulation countries.
  14. Cultural homogenisation occurs when local cultures are replaced by global ones.
  15. Local communities can promote local products and sustainable practices.
  16. International organisations can facilitate cooperation on sustainability.
  17. Ethical considerations include fair trade and environmental justice.
  18. Future changes may involve more sustainable practices and technologies.
  19. ‘Glocalisation’ means adapting global products to fit local needs.
  20. Education can empower individuals to understand and address global challenges.

Feel free to ask if you have questions or need more help!